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Coreboot on the ThinkPad X220 with a Raspberry Pi
Tyler Cipriani Posted

My work laptop is terrible. About a year and a half ago, when I started my current gig, I received an Asus Zenbook that has been the bane of my existence ever since. First, it is impossible to work outside on this shiny monstrosity: all you see is your own dumb face squinting back at you, slightly obscured by very noticeable fingerprints from its mirror-like screen. Why are there fingerprints on the screen? Because, oh yeah, it’s a terrible touchscreen for no real reason. While the keyboard is serviceable, it is far from being a joy to use. There are no physical mouse buttons which, on a Linux install, means I’m forever flailing, trying to get middle-click paste to work (LPT: I setup an xdotool shortcut to paste – doesn’t work in Emacs though…). The Asus has also succumb to the Apple-esque use of dongles to replace all necessary ports (like Ethernet, FFS).

The final straw for this ridiculous machine was, for a reason that is beyond me, UEFI occasionally loses track of the boot drives and (although you can still see(!) the .efi file on disk via the UEFI interface) it won’t let you add it as a boot drive until you’ve sweated enough and/or there is a sufficiently powerful cosmic ray to flip the bits necessary to allow you to continue your life. This problem pretty much killed my productivity at my last offsite – as a result I decided to drop $500 and get a refurb ThinkPad X220 with more RAM and a bigger SSD than the ($1800) Zenbook.

X-Series ThinkPads are niiiiice

I have been using a ThinkPad X230t for the past 3 years, and, although the tablet is a little bulky, it has been everything I need in a work laptop – matte screen, physical buttons for all the things, an Ethernet port – it’s basically not an unbelievably stupid laptop design (which is the bar now, evidently). The X220 I purchased for work is even better – it’s slightly smaller (since it’s not also a Wacom tablet), plus the X220 has a nice keyboard – which – holy shit! – remember when anyone actually cared about laptop keyboards‽

I am become hacker, destroyer of laptops

One of the other reasons for buying the X220 is that I’ve heard-tell (A.K.A, did a quick DDG search) that it supports Coreboot (although, sadly, not Libreboot, yet). The actual incantations for flashing the ROM on the X220 are spread over a few sources, with some sizable gaps in process.

I spent the past 2 days pretty lost, flailing in the dark, booting my freshly flashed laptop to a momentary flicker of the green power-light, no fans, nothing, sighing, and compiling again. Now I stand victorious, Debian stable (8.6 as of November 2016) is booting from SeaBIOS.

I kept a lot of notes on the process. Hopefully, these notes save someone some frustration, or make this process a tiny bit more approachable.

Caveat Emptor – I’m terrible at hardware stuff and writing, so follow these steps at your own peril!

Things you need

What the whole flashing setup looked like for me X230 -> USB-to-TTY -> Raspberry Pi -> Pomona Clip -> X220
What the whole flashing setup looked like for me X230 -> USB-to-TTY -> Raspberry Pi -> Pomona Clip -> X220

ThinkPad X220 Disassembly

  1. Remove Keyboard and palmrest (follow Lonovo’s Guide)
    • Power down and remove battery
    • I removed the keyboard and palm rest in 2 separate steps.
    • Flip over and remove the 7 screws holding the keyboard and palmrest in place (they all have a picture of a square with 3 buttons [trackpad, I guess] near them).
    • WARNING – 2 of these screws are different sizes than the other 5! The ones closest to the front-edge of the laptop are shorter, keep them seperate.
    • Locations Diagram:
    • Flip it over, push the keyboard back, pull up the tabs near the palmrest.
    • Rest the removed keyboard on the palmrest and remove ribbon cable from the motherboard.
    • Flip palmrest up, and click the ribbon cable holding it in place, remove it.
    • Lift tape on the left side of motherboard covering the chip you’re looking for.
    • The BIOS chip you are looking for is right there – the left-front of the motherboard if the screen is facing you.
Pomona 5250 attached to BIOS clip on ThinkPad X220
Pomona 5250 attached to BIOS clip on ThinkPad X220

Setup Your Pi as a Flasher

Now that you have access to the BIOS chip, you should setup your Raspberry Pi, and attach it to the Pomona 5250 clip via the SPI pins. Unfortunately, you do seem to need a monitor with HDMI to setup the Pi (someone better at Raspberry Pi things may know better).

After the initial setup I was able to switch to using a serial cable interface.

GIANT HUGE WARNING OF DOOM: Hook your Pomona clip to your motherboard ONLY WITH THE BATTERY REMOVED, THE X220 UNPLUGGED, AAAANNDDD THE RASPBERRY PI OFF!!!! You could probably fry this chip. I don’t actually know, but I was paranoid about it throughout the process. Power on the Raspberry Pi only when you’re certain the Pomona clip is secure.

  1. Download the Raspbian Lite torrent

  2. Unzip the rasbian zip file and copy to an sd card

  3. Hook up your Raspberry Pi to a monitor and boot

  4. Change password using passwd (default user/pass: pi/raspberry)

  5. Setup wifi by editing /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf

  6. Edit /boot/config.txt

  7. Now you can reboot and hook to a serial cable:

    Serial cable hookup diagram:

  8. Install all the pre-req software working mostly from github wiki page Hardware Flashing with Raspberry Pi

    Add the SPI kernal modules to /etc/modules so they persist between boots.

  9. Power down the Pi, Hook your Pi to your Pomona clip, then hook the Pomona clip to the motherboard, and power back up.

    Raspberry Pi 3 attached to ThinkPad X220 Pomona Clip
    Raspberry Pi 3 attached to ThinkPad X220 Pomona Clip

    X220 BIOS Chip pinout

    PI Pinout

    WARNING!!! This is the pinout for the RASPBERRY PI 3 MODEL B V1.2 it has 40 pins rather than 26

  10. See if flashrom can detect your chipset (if you see No EEPROM/flash device found. double check your connections and the pins for your pi – I realized I had my pins setup as if I were on the 26-GPIO pin Raspberry Pi rather than the 40-GPIO pin model 3)

    NOTE: 2018-04-06

    One person emailed to indicate that the flashrom commands below required setting an spispeed, i.e., sudo flashrom -p linux_spi:dev=/dev/spidev0.0,spispeed=512

  11. Read your flashchip and verify that the md5sums match. If the md5sums of your reads don’t match repeat steps 9 and 10 until they do. If they never do, check your wiring with a multimeter (I had to do this at one point).

  12. Download coreboot on the Pi. Compile and use ifdtool to extract all the needed bits to all the right places in the coreboot blobs directory.

    NOTE: 2017-06-15

    Thomas Maulbeck emailed me and mentioned that git submodule update --init --recursive did not populate the 3rdparty/blobs directory. It seems that .gitmodules for coreboot has several urls that look in the parent directory for bare git repositories that don’t exist in the setup I’ve described in this post.

    Maulbeck was able to work around compilation errors by cloning 3rdparty/blobs directly:

    If compilation fails with some mention of a missing 3rdparty/blobs/cpu/intel/model_206ax/microcode.bin this may be the root cause.

  13. Build coreboot on the Pi following the wiki instructions

    • configure via (note – this is completely cargo-culted bullshit and YMMV…a lot) make nconfig

    NOTE: 2018-04-06

    One person emailed to mention that make nconfig may require a number of dependencies, see the coreboot wiki for a complete list. As of this writing that list reads: apt-get install git build-essential gnat flex bison libncurses5-dev wget zlib1g-dev

    • Compile coreboot!

    EDIT – 2016-11-27 Andreas Sinninger pointed out I was missing the path to the Intel ME/TXE firmware – corrected.

  14. FINALLY! Flash your new coreboot.rom to your rom chip:

If your laptop boots up to a SeaBIOS screen at this point: you win! If not, don’t despair, you can flash flash01.bin to go back to your old BIOS, or, better yet, keep compiling until it works.

Resources

These are some general resources without which my X220 would be a pathetic pile of smashed up silicon by now.

My Remote Desk
Tyler Cipriani Posted

Remote Culture

A rant

It doesn’t make sense to mandate that I sit in the same building as you to work on things somewhat related to the things you work on. By recognizing this fact, both employers and employees now have a great deal of freedom (for some value of the word “freedom”). Employers can hire people from across the globe, and employees can live anywhere on said globe.

When I tell people I work from home I rarely get any sympathy, but the fact is that working remotely is harder than working in an office for millions of little reasons. The in-office workplace is the default – if you’ve ever had a job chances are you went to a building some place to do that job with other folks that did a slightly different job who were (at least nominally) working towards the same goals as you. And oooh the things you took for granted in your cushy IRL job!

That meeting that was loosely scheduled for 4pm? I’ve got some time now, what if we just scrap project Foo? Work for you? Cool. {{done}}. No one updated their calendars. No one likely bothered to update the documentation for the project Foo. I can just walk down the hall and talk to Jan faster than I can update the office wiki which is always hopelessly out-of-date anyway. Nobody checks the mailing list, everyone knows if there are project Foo questions, they can just ask me. Problem. Solved.

Remote companies cannot be this lazy.

It’s not just that remote work is lonely (it is). It’s not just that it’s hard to find a good place to work when you’re remote (it is hard). It’s a million little things – documenting the little decisions so that when someone on the other side of the world wakes up, they don’t have questions (because you won’t be around to answer them), keeping the office wiki up-to-date, making sure to post big changes to the mailing list.

Being “remote friendly” is not a thing, having a remote culture is. Remote culture is something that everyone has to cultivate constantly.

Remote Desks

The Wikimedia Foundation strives for a remote culture. There are constant and seemingly innumerable challenges – both big and small, both technical and cultural.

A couple of months ago there was an email thread on the staff mailing list that attempted to assail one of the remaining bastions of privilege exclusive to the physical, IRL office-worker: seeing people’s desks!

Walking around a physical office you see people’s personalities laid out in physical space. You may discover that you have similar interests or hobbies, you may learn about a new topic, or you may discover the very key to existence simply by craning your neck slightly to take a good, long, hard look at another person’s pile of accumulated doo-dads and brick-a-brack.

Filled with this understanding, we shared our desks, and the things on them.

My Desk

This is what my desk looked like in September of 2016.

My Desk
My Desk

Some of the the things on my desk, and some of the reasons for some of the things on it (in no order):

  1. Data Science at the Command Line
  2. The Anarchist’s Design Book
  3. Phantom II Drone (with a GoPro Hero 3+)
  4. Manfrotto MTPIXI-B PIXI Mini Tripod
  5. Joby GorillaPod SLR-Zoom Tripod
  6. Some rusty pliers
  7. A 12’ Tape measure
  8. Google Fi powered Nexus 5x - I dislike this phone
  9. 2x EFF.org Laptop Camera Covers
  10. USB Barcode Reader for my Library Project.
  11. SouthOrd MPXS-14 Lock Pick Set and a few MasterLocks for practice
  12. GoF Book
  13. Brother HL-L2340DW Compact Laser Printer $99 – best printer ever.
  14. 3M LX550 Notebook riser – no need for a monitor, works great.
  15. Vortex Poker II (with Cherry MX-Blues)
  16. A barcode that says “HI” to test out the barcode scanner
  17. Evoluent VerticalMouse
  18. Fair casino dice to generate diceware passphrases
  19. A desktop background from NASA (there’s a thing in my dotfiles to download a new one daily)
  20. SparkFun Cerberus USB Cable
  21. Vintage Kodak ad of a kid with a squirrel to liven-up the joint
  22. Renewal form for the American Homebrewer’s Association which is a problematic organization for many reasons